Several different classes of sRNAs have been identified that are part of a non-cell autonomous and phloem-mobile network of regulators affecting transcript stability, translational kinetics, and DNA methylation patterns responsible for heritable transcriptional silencing (epigenetic). Recently it was discovered that small RNAs (sRNA, 18-24 nucleotides long) which are heritable and systemic, are key elements in regulating gene expression in response to biotic and abiotic changes. Endogenous developmental programs are modified to survive and adapt to changes in the physical and chemical environment. Plant growth, development and responses to environmental stresses are integrated processes. This proposal outlines work to identify potential targets and mechanisms which will lead to the development of plants with increased stress tolerance, improved root growth, and enhanced overall crop performance in low gravity environments. Very little is known about their ability to survive, develop, produce food and seeds in environments with low gravitational forces like space, or lunar and Martian surfaces. However, plants are adapted to the environments they encounter on Earth, including a constant gravitational force of 1-g. Plants provide food, regenerate O2, and purify water. A key component of sustainable life support systems will be plants. NASA?s Strategic Plan therefore outlines: ?NASA also will develop and test technologies for power and autonomous systems that can enable more afford¬able and sustainable space exploration by reducing both consumables launched from Earth and the risks for mission operations.
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Advanced life support systems that enable a sustainable human presence in space and habitation of planetary surfaces need to supply food, purify air, potable water, and protection from extreme temperatures, radiation, and other environmental conditions. Human space exploration requires technologies that enable human survival in extremely hostile environments.
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Funding Agencies: National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)